World’s first commercialized hydrogen fuel cell powers drones for humanitarian missions

Figure 1: DMI drones delivered emergency medical supplies to the Virgin Islands.A hydrogen fuel cell power pack made this possible by enabling over two hours of UAV flight time; fourtimes longer than most battery-powered drones.

Doosan Mobility Innovation (DMI) is delivering humanitarian relief to remote locations using drones powered by its innovative energy-densehydrogen fuel cells.With two hours of flight time, the drones have transportedmasks and emergency supplies betweenUS Virgin Islands and have delivered medical AEDs to the top of Mt. Hallasan(6,388 ft), the tallest mountain in South Korea located on Jeju Island.. This technology paves the way for developing mobile robots with extended range and load capacity.

Additional uses for the DMI extended-range drones have been in commercial applications where longer flight times have enabled the monitoring of vast solar farms such as Korea’slargest solar energy plant in Solasido, Haenam.When performing the same mission using a battery-powered drone, more than six battery replacements were required.

Figure 2: Solar panel inspection is achieved with far great efficiency and speed by DMI drones.Using a hydrogen fuel cell drone equipped with a common camera and a thermographic camera, the image of a power plant on a site of about 20MW was obtained by just two automatic grid flights. When performing the same mission using a battery-powered drone, more than six battery replacements are required.

High-density power design to optimize power pack performance

Developing a hydrogen fuel cell for mobile devices requires overall technological innovation from materials science to full system-level design optimization. The key to mobility is miniaturization, increasing efficiency and lowering system weight. Moreover, high energy output and durability should be incorporated for a long, stable flight. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the weight of the stack, configure a powertrain with high power density and simplify the design of the overall power pack, including peripheral components, tofully optimize the system.

Core to these design goals is the architecture and implementation of the systems power delivery network (PDN). The DP30 power pack has two main powertrains that supply power to the drone’s rotors and tothe controller for the two stacks. Because of the wide range and variable output voltage of the DP30 power pack, from 40 to 74V, the powertrains were designed to ensure a tightly regulated 48V, 12Aoutput to the rotor motors of the drone, plusa 12V, 8Aoutput to the stack controller board and fans.

Figure 3: Energy density comparison: hydrogen fuel cell vs. lithium power

To achieve high efficiency and high energy density in the PDN, DMI selected Vicor PRM™ buck-boost regulators and aZVS buck regulator.The PRMs supportthe up to 74V open circuit voltage (OCV) of the hydrogen fuel cell stack and perform a stable voltage regulation to 48V as shown in Figure5.

Figure 4: Structure of hydrogen fuel cell power pack

In the drone’s rotor-side PDN, two PRM buck-boost regulators (PRM48AF480T400A00) are configured in parallel to supply the 12A required by the rotors. The PDN for the digital controllerboard in the stack,uses a lower-power PRM (PRM48AH480T200A00) followed by a 48V-to-12V ZVSbuck regulator (PI3546-00-LGIZ).

Figure 5: To achieve high efficiency and high energy density, Vicor PRM™ buck-boost regulators and a ZVS buck regulator were used.The PRMs support the up to 74V open circuit voltage (OCV) of the hydrogen fuel cell stack and perform a stable voltage regulation to 48V.

Diversification of product lines by power capacity

Apart from the 2.6kW DP30 power pack currently being produced, DMI plans to diversify product lines by power capacity. The company is expected to develop products with various capacities, ranging from the 1.5kW hydrogen fuel cell power pack that is scheduled to be released next year to a 10kW one, and to launch corresponding drones suitable for each power pack.

The Vicor modular approach to power enables scalability to support such diverse product lines. This also allowsDMI to focus on solving other engineering problems, such as stack structure changes, powertrain and peripheral components and heat dissipation method, all of which arise from the expansion of power capacity. With Vicor, DMI is better able to pursue its main objectives: to increase durability and stability as well as achieve the miniaturization and lightening of fuel cells with high energy density.

Learn more about Doosan Mobility Innovations’ hydrogen fuel cell power pack